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Wire Gauge Calculator

By Muhammad Abdullah Rauf · Founder, EverydayTools.proUpdated 2026-03-01

What wire gauge do I need for my load?

Wire sizing starts with **load amps**. For resistive loads: **Amps = Watts ÷ Volts**.

**Continuous loads** (heaters, dryers running 3+ hours) use a **125% factor** before matching wire ampacity.

**Example — 1,920 W space heater at 120 V:**

1,920 ÷ 120 = **16 A**

16 × 1.25 = **20 A design**

Minimum copper NM-B (60°C): **12 AWG** (20 A)

**Ampacity reference (copper NM-B, 60°C):**

14 AWG = 15 A · 12 AWG = 20 A · 10 AWG = 30 A · 8 AWG = 40 A

Local code, conduit fill, ambient temperature, and installation method can require larger wire. This calculator is an estimate — verify with a licensed electrician.

Wire gauge sizing method

The calculator converts watts to amps (or accepts amps directly), applies a 125% continuous-load factor when enabled, and selects the smallest AWG from a 60°C copper NM-B ampacity table.

Formula

Design amps = Load amps × 1.25 (if continuous) → minimum AWG where ampacity ≥ design amps

Assumptions

  • Single-phase resistive load at stated voltage.
  • Copper NM-B wire at 60°C ampacity table.
  • No derating for ambient temperature or conduit fill.

Limitations

  • Does not replace NEC, local amendments, or permit inspection.
  • Motor loads, aluminum wire, and three-phase circuits need separate analysis.

How to use Wire Gauge Calculator

  1. Enter load watts or amps

    Use watts + voltage for appliances, or enter amps directly if you know circuit current.

  2. Set continuous load

    Enable continuous (125% sizing) for heaters, dryers, and equipment that runs 3+ hours.

  3. Read minimum AWG

    Result shows smallest copper wire gauge whose ampacity meets the design load.

  4. Check voltage drop on long runs

    Use the Voltage Drop Calculator if the wire run exceeds ~50 ft.

  5. Match breaker size

    Pair with the Breaker Sizing Calculator — breaker must not exceed wire ampacity.

Wire Gauge Calculator examples

1,920 W heater

Input

1,920 W · 120 V · continuous

Output

12 AWG

15 A tool circuit

Input

15 A · non-continuous

Output

14 AWG

Who uses Wire Gauge Calculator?

Common real-world scenarios where this tool saves time.

Space heater circuit

1,920 W at 120 V → 16 A → 12 AWG with continuous sizing.

Dryer branch circuit

5,500 W at 240 V → ~23 A → 10 AWG with continuous factor.

Dedicated 15 A lighting

15 A non-continuous load → 14 AWG minimum.

Workflow guides

Step-by-step chains that connect related tools for common tasks.

New dedicated circuit

  1. Size wire with this tool
  2. Match breaker in Breaker Sizing Calculator
  3. Check voltage drop on long runs

Reference tables

Copper NM-B ampacity (60°C)

AWGAmpacityTypical breaker
1415 A15 A
1220 A20 A
1030 A30 A
840 A40 A

Local code, ambient temperature, and conduit fill may require larger wire.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What wire gauge for 20 amps?

12 AWG copper NM-B is rated 20 A at 60°C — the standard pairing for a 20 A breaker on branch circuits.

Can I use 14 gauge wire on a 20 amp breaker?

No — 14 AWG is limited to 15 A ampacity. Undersized wire is a fire hazard.

Does wire length affect gauge?

Ampacity sets minimum gauge; long runs may need larger wire to limit voltage drop below 3–5%.

Is this NEC compliant?

This is a DIY estimate using common ampacity tables. Permits and inspections require a licensed electrician.

What gauge wire for a 15 amp circuit?

14 AWG copper NM-B at 60°C is the standard minimum for a 15 A branch circuit with a 15 A breaker.

Privacy, accuracy, and trust

Privacy

Load watts, amps, and voltage values are processed only in your browser — EverydayTools does not store circuit inputs.

Estimate only — not NEC certification, permit approval, or licensed electrical design. Verify with local code and inspection.

Part of Calculator Tools

More free tools for the same workflow.

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Reviewed on 2026-03-01.